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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Source: Municipal Planning Development Office)
Location Land Area Composition Soil Type Geology Natural Drainage Vegetation and Wildlife Environmental Situation Land Use
Location
Binangonan is one of
the fourteen municipalities of Rizal. It is triangular in shape and
lies between the foothills of Sierra Madre Mountain and the northeastern
part of Laguna de Bay. The municipality is bounded on the north by Angono,
on the east by Cardona, on the northeast by Morong and Teresa and on
the southeast by Laguna de Bay. The town is approximately situated fifteen
(15) kilometers southeast of the Provincial Capitol of Rizal. The seat
of Government is located in Barangay Calumpang along the Manila East
Road and approximately six (6) kilometers after the Boundary of Angono
and five (5) kilometers after from Cardona.
Land Area
Binangonan has a total land area of SEVEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED (7,270)
HECTARES. The area of the mainland is 5,820.55 hectares while Talim
Islands is 1,449.45 hectares. Binangonan ranks the fifth biggest in
the province in terms of area.
TABLE
1: LAND AREA BARANGAY
Name of Barangay Area In Sq. Km.
Pag-asa: 0.89213
Tayuman: 6.315698
Tagpos: 1.306895
San Carlos:
Bilibiran: 2.465024
Pantok: 3.961867
Palangoy: 4.707701
Darangan: 4.631535
Calumpang: 1.591299
Macamot: 2.348285
Tatala: 3.562322
Mambog: 1.329626
Mahabang Parang: 3.128198
Batingan: 1.097120
Layunan: 2.53604
Libis: 2.348285
Libid: 2.530
Lunsad: 2.53
Pilapila: 2.789107
Ithan: 1.022041
Kalinawan: .640669
Limbon-Limbon: .305672
Pipindan: 0.504420
Kasile: 0.305672
Bombong: 0.988464
Kinagatan: 0.550664
Kinaboogan: 1.136003
Bangad: 1.095081
Buhangin: 1.103080
Janosa: 1.743514
Kaytome: 0.791287
Gulod: 0.708557
Sapang: 1.120725
Malacaban: 1.039942
Ginoong Sanay: 0.879308
Pinagdilawan: 0.331358
Binitagan: 0.418454
Tabon: 0.806707
Habagatan: 14.46447
Rayap: 0.788656
TOTAL: 72.70
Source: Assessor’s Office
Composition
Binangonan, which lies 36 kilometers from Manila and 21 kilometers from
Pasig, is entirely nestled between the foothills of Sierra Madre and
Laguna De Bay. The Poblacion is located in the center of 40 barangays.
On the Northernmost part lie Pag-asa, Tayuman, San Carlos, Tagpos, Bilibiran,
Palangoy, Pantok, Darangan, Calumpang. On the northeast towards Morong
are Batingan, Tatala, Mambog, Macamot and Mahabang Parang. On the southeast
are Lunsad, Libis, Layunan, Libid, Pilapila, Limbon-Limbon, ithan, Kalinawan,
Pipindan and the Barangays in Talim Island namely: Kasile, Bombong,
Kinagatan, Kinaboogan, Bangad, Buhangin, Janosa, Kaytome, Gulod, Sapang,
Malakaban, Pinagdilawan, Ginoong Sanay, Binitagan, Tabon, Habagatan
and Rayap.
Topography
About 65 % of Binangonan are hilly terrain while the rest are generally
plain. The highest peak is Mt. SUSONG DALAGA 750 meters above the sea
level. There are seven Barangays with slopes ranging from 0-3 degrees,
eight barangays with 3-8: fifteen barangays with 8-18; and nine barangays
with 18-30.
The main mountain range is the Sierra Madre. In Talim Island,
the mountainous peaks are the Susong Dalaga in the center and the Dolores
Hill in the southernmost part. There are four islets namely: Bunga,
Malahi, Pulong Gitna and Pulong Ithan.
Climate
Binangonan has two distinct seasons: dry from
November to April and
wet during the rest of the year. The haviest rains usually occur in
the months of July, August and September. The coolest period occurs
the months of November to February.
Although the municipality is shielded by the Sierra Madre on the north,
it is open to soutwest monsoon and cyclonic storms.
Soil Type
Soil classification is based on the data gathered from the soil survey
division of the bureau of soil and water management, these are…
BOULEVARD CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbol BD Af3Soil mapping unit description 0-2% slope
Found in the shorelines of barangay Pag-asa, Tayuman and Tagpos severely
flooded during rainy season which rendered it idle.
The boulevard series is a member of the fine, mixed, isohyperthermie
family of Aeric Tropacuepts. These soil are moderately deep, poorly
to very poorly drained, occurring on level to nearly level narrow lake
terraces of the lacustrine landscape. The soils have gray or dark
clay A horizons not more than 30 cm. thick. Cambic Bg horizons extending
down 50 to 100 cm. thick are gray, light gray to dark gray or greenish
gray clay with distinct clear yellowish brown, strong brown, red, yellowish
red mottles. Decomposed plant remains and lacustrine shells may sometimes
occur. Cg horizons or substratum are greenish gray or dark greenish
gray, silty clay loam or clay loam with common weathered Lacustrine
shells and decomposed plant remains. Due to its approximate to the lake,
the soil is subject to slight to severe flooding.
This is least extensive mapping unit, covering only about 26 percent
of the series and occupying the first bottom lake terraces. This was
mapped north of Bagumbayan in Muntinlupa extending towards North and
Northeast of Hagonoy, Taguig just above the fresh water marshes. Another
large area is found in between Napindan, Taguig and Tayuman, Binangonan.
Some isolated areas are found north of Tanay and west of Caniogan, Municipality
of Morong. Most soil profile characteristics are
similar to that described
representative profile for the
series. Included are small areas with fine loamy texture in the control
section and limited with deeper soil. Most of this units are cultivated
to rainfed paddy rice. This covers approximately 0.21 percent of the
project.
BARAS CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
BrA0.2 % slope
BrB2.5 % slope
Found along the National road of barangay Pag-asa, Tayuman shoreline
of Pila-Pila, Limbon-Limbon, Ithan in Mainland. Bombong, Bangad, Buhangin,
Janosa and Kaytome in Talim Island
The Baras series is a member of the very fine montmorillionific isohyporthermic
family of udorthentic Pellusterts. The soils are deep, poorly drained
occurring on level to very gently sloping (0-5 percent slope) minor
alluvial plain. The color ranges from dark gray clay (hues of 10 YR
to 5Y) with no more than 40 cm. thick Ag horizon. Bg horizon is composed
predominantly of gray dark gray, light gray to gray and olive gray with
distinct brown and olive mottles. Cg horizon below 110-150 cm. from
the surface are olive gray, olive and pale gray with distinct clear
gray, and light yellowish brown mottles, few soft and hard Fe-Mn concretions
may be presenting the horizon. CaCO3 nodules and weathered tuffaceous
fragments may also be present and generally increases with depth.
Cracking of the surface soil with a width of 2 to 3 centimeters to a
depth of 50 to one meter is commonly observed during dry season.
BINANGONAN CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
BnA0-2% slope
BnB2-5% slope
Found in the upland portion of barangay Pantok and Palangoy in the vicinity
of Sitio Mata and in Mabuhay Homes in Bgy. Darangan.
The Binangonan series is a member of the very fine, montmorillomitic,
isohyperthermic family of Undorthentic Pellusterts. They are deep poorly
drained soils occurring on level to gently sloping (0-5 percent slope)
narrow mini-plain of the alluvial landscape. The soils are developed
from alluvium of volcanic and limestone origin.
Ag horizons not more than 40 centimeters thick are gray, dark gray clay
overlying cambic Bg horizon predominantly of gray to very dark gray,
olive gray with distinct clear (dark) yellowish brown, grayish brown,
olive gray and gray mottles. Few soft and hard Fe-Mn concretions and
CaCO3 nodules commonly occur. Cg horizon below 100 to 150 centimeters
from the soil surface are olive gray, pale olive or mottled light olive
brown, olive, grayish brown clay. Concretions of iron and manganese
and CaCO3 nodules are present.
TERESA CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
TaA0.2% slope
TaB2.5% slope
Found along the municipal boundary of Binangonan, Teresa and Morong
triangle. In the upper portion of barangay Pantok and Darangan and in
the vicinity of Rizal Cement Quarry.
The Teresa series is a member of the very fine, montmorillonitic, isohyperthemic
family of Udorthentic Pellusterts. They are moderately deep to deep
poorly drained soils occurring on nearly level to gently sloping (0-5
percent slopes) narrow mini-plain of the alluvial landscape. The soil,
this series are developed mainly from alluvium, derived from weathered
tuffaceous materials, and perhaps from deposited bio-chemically weathered
products of limestone, basalt and site and conglomerate from the adjacent
hills and mountains fringing the area. Ag horizons are gray, dark gray
to very dark gray clay and not more than 40 cm thick. Cambic Bg horizons
composed predominantly or light to very dark gray or olive gray have
distinct brown and gray mottles. Slightly and strongly weathered rock
fragments with Fe-Mn concretions commonly occur. Cg horizons, 60-150
cm. deep from the soil surface are olive gray, dark gray clay and sometimes
with gray, yellowish brown and light yellowish brown mottles with few
Fe-Mn concretion and CaCO3 nodules.
ANTIPOLO CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
ApD18-15% slope
ApF225-45% slope
Found on large part of barangay Tayuman, Bilibiran in the vicinity of
Village East Subdivision and the East Ridge Golf Course and in the upland
portion of barangay Pantok and Palangoy
The Antipolo series is a member of the fine, mixed, isohyperthermic
family of typic Tropudalfs. They are moderately deep to deep well drained
soils occurring on undulating to rolling basaltic hills and ridges with
localized valley. Horizons are brown to dark brown, dark
brown, yellowish brown or dark reddish brown clay, clay loam or silty
clay loam. Argillic Bt horizons are yellowish red, strong brown, reddish
brown or yellowish brown clay with none to few distinct clear brown,
reddish brown, dark reddish brown or yellowish red mottles and sometimes
light gray to gray when used for paddy rice. Partially and highly weathered
rock fragments are present and increase in abundance with depth. Iron
and manganese concretions may occur. C horizon, 40-90 cm. deep, are
strong brown or yellowish red clay which are common to many weathered
rock fragments. Few Fe-Mn concretions may also occur in this layer.
Underlying this horizon is hard consolidated bedrock.
TUTULO CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
Ttb2-5 % slope
TtB/C2-8 % slope
Ttc5-8 % slope
TtD8-15 % slope
Found in the upland portion of barangay Pantok, predominant in the part
of barangay Darangan, Macamot, Tatala including Balatik Area, Calumpang,
and in most part of Mahabang Parang.
The Tutulo series is a member of the very fine, mixed, isohyperthermic
family of Udorthentic Pallusterts. They are shallow to moderately deep
poorly drained soil occurring both on undulating to rolling moderately
dissected agglomerate plateau with concave slopes and convex ridges
and gently sloping volcanic foot slopes. The soil has gray to very dark
gray clay A horizon not more than 25 cm. thick. Bg horizons, 40-100
cm. deep, are gray to very dark clay with distinct clear brown to dark
brown, light olive gray or yellowish brown mottles. Few small soft Fe-Mn
concretions and CaCO3 nodules are also present. Few to common weathered
tuff occurs in this layer.
CALANTAS CLAY
Soil mapping unit symbolSoil mapping unit description
CaC15-8% slope slight eroded
CaD18-15% slope slight eroded
Cae115-25% slope slight eroded
Caf225-45% slope slight eroded
CaG245-65% slope slight eroded
Found in the lower area of barangay Macamot, Tatala and Mambog along
the national highway, most part of barangay Lunsad in mainland, barangay
Kasile, Bombong, Bangad, Janosa, Kaytome, Gulod, Sapang, Malakaban,
Pinagdilawan, Ginoong Sanay, Tabon, Habagatan and Rayap in Talim Island.
The Calantas series is a member of the fine, mixed, isohyperthermic
family of Lithic Troporthents. They are well drained shallow soils occurring
on low tuffaceous hills and ridges and rolling to steep convex agglomerate
hills of the volcanic hills landscape. The soils have brown to dark
brown, dark yellowish brown, very dark grayish brown clay, clay loam
or silty clay A horizon not more than 20 cm thick. The C horizon is
dark, brown, brown to dark brown, yellowish brown clay or clay loam
which are common to many weathered volcanic tuff fragments. Below this
layer is hard tuff.
Few to many surface stones and boulders commonly occur. Erosion is slight
to moderate.
Geology
Pure hard crystalline limestone deposits about
in large quantity in the
town. Gypsum deposits, mined in Bilibiran quarry, are being manufactured
into Portland Cement by the Rizal Cement Company since 1914.
Natural
Drainage
In mainland, there are three rivers
and one creek serving as natural
drainage and Laguna Lake tributaries. These are rivers Lasi, Bilibiran
and Darangan, and Gupiing creek.
The Lasi River serves as the draining
area of the poblacion. The river
source lies between the hilly portion of Mahabang Parang, passes the
northern slopes of Kalbaryo in Libid, circles around the poblacion and
flows out to Laguna Lake. It does not have a spring and its source
of water is the rain.
The twisting river in Bilibiran continuously feeds
Laguna Lake with cool,
Fresh water coming from a spring located in the hilly pasture land called
Ray Tupas. The river is also a rich source of fresh water fish
particularly water eels which are considered a delicacy. It is
also a source of irrigation for ricefields along the bank and it nestles
duck raising ventures in the area.
Darangan River serves as a repository of water
from upland area during
Rainy season. It is used as canal for irrigation system installed
between the river bank and Laguna Lake. Natural processes silted
the mouth of the river but it is widened and deepened by dredging to
induce inflow of lake water.
In Talim Island, each barangay has at least one natural creek which
drains rain water coming from mountainous areas to the Laguna Lake.
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Local forest is generally classified as Savana. Its vegetation
is characterized by the growth of talahib cogon, native Ipil-Ipil, madre
cacao and bamboos. Fruit bearing trees like mango, atis, duhat, bignay
are grown in both the upland and lowland. Trees of dipterocarp
species, the source of lumber, are seldom found in the municipality.
However, there are species like narra and mahogany cultivated in the
lowland.
Monkeys can be found in Mt. Susong Dalaga in Talim Island. There
are no more wild animals, only birds in the town upland areas.
Environmental
Situation
Assessment of the municipality’s environmental situation includes
the problems on the critical ecosystem like the Laguna Lake basin, erosion,
population, waste management and sanitation.
a) Laguna De Bay Basin
The Laguna Lake provides food supply and livelihood to countless families
in the community and it is the nearest and largest source of potable
water for domestic use. As such, it must be protected from disturbances
pollution coming from industrial, agricultural and domestic sources,
siltation due to erosion and man-made structures that are environmentally
disastrous.
The concentration of industries in Metro Manila and Laguna side of the
lake makes the Central Bay, the municipal territorial water, a dumping
area of the waste discharge from industries that have no waste water
treatment facilities. Forty-one percent (41%) of these industrial
waste discharges contain toxic and hazardous subtances which exceed
the safe criteria for the protection of aquatic life.
Domestic waste are being discharge through the river tributaries.
Other pollutants include pesticides and fertilizers used by farmers
and thriving livestock industries not only in Binangonan but the
whole coastal areas of the lake. The total pesticide used
in 1976 amounted to 104,000 kg. (dry form) and 184,000 kg. (liquid form)
which increased by 20 to 25% with the completion of the Regional Irrigation
Projects. The major BOD loading to the lake by major contributors
are as follow:
Industries- 225 kg/day
Domestic- 226,000 kg/day
Agri-business- 300,000 kg/day
Sedimentation and siltation of the lake, as a result of forest denudation
within the basin watershed, is another factor. The average volume of
derived sediments is approximately 1.5 x 10-6 cubic meters/day retaining
2/3 of sediments in the lake. This decreases the lake’s
depth thereby increasing water turbidity affecting the productivity.
The quality of lake water generally meets class C standard. This can
be used for propagation of fish and aquatic resources, recreational
boating, and industrial water supply class which is used for manufacturing
processes after treatment. But class C standard is not met in areas
near the mouths of polluted rivers. Water quality
even in Central Bay is
generally worse than
in the East and
South Bays bordering Laguna because
it has the highest
contents of nitrates, inorganic phospates and MPN
coliform. The lake water is below the
more desirable class B used for recreation, and classes A and AA used
for public water supply.
Man-made structure like the Napindan locks prevents the entry of saline
water from Manila Bay necessary to maintain the lake ecosystem.
The thermal pollution, traceable to about 1,075 industries that use
the lake water as cooling agent and ultimately discharge it as heated
water, has negligible effect on the biotic-abiotic relationships.
To address the pressing problems of the lake basin, the following solutions
are recommended:
A program for effective control of urban/domestic and agro-industrial
waste.
A program for the reforestation of areas identified with moderate and
severe erosion potentials.
Evaluation of the benefits of pollution control and other forms of technology.
Re-assess tourism as a key to development without negating environment
protection.
5.Provide a ceiling for urban and industrial development.
6.Intensification of Zero Waste technology.
b) Erosion
Although erosion problem is not critical yet, the danger posed by the
conversion of upper portion of northern barangays into subdivisions
cannot be taken lightly. The recent policy to prevent soil erosion
is the requirement for land developers to plant trees and to allocate
spaces for vegetation cover in urban land use, prosed for the construction
of grouted Rip-Rap structure on all critical area of erosion.
In Talim Island, the areas observed to have severe erosion potential
are those with slopes and converted into the production of charcoal
and firewood, the alternative livelihood during the months when
fish catch is marginal.
c) Flooding
Flash floods due to siltation usually occur in the northern part of
the municipality particularly Pag-Asa, and part of Tayuman and Calumpang.
These areas are briefly under water during heavy rains. The dredging
of natural drainage, construction of CHB-lined canal and cross pipes
leading to the lake are the proposed remedies for flash floods
in some areas wich is highly populated. Areas Reinforced Concrete Pipe
(RCP) is Highly Recommendable drainage system because it is friction
free and garbage cannot easily accommodate on tributary system.
d) Pollution
Although the Pollution Threatened Areas Map indicates the mainland as
a potentially threatened area, the municipality as a whole is still
a safe, livable place because inland, air and noise pollution can be
considered minimal. The emission of ashes with solid waste coming
from the Rizal Cement Company has been contained with the installation
of Electrostatic Precipitator.
There are no immediate solutions at hand for noise pollution caused
by tricycles, that are affecting the poblacion residents. For
underground pollution, LLDA has the following assessments:
“Water samples in Binangonan have high total absolute salts and
unsuitable chloride ions. They also have high sodium content which
could have come from fertilizers and detergents used in bathing and
washing activities.”
e) Waste and Garbage Management
Garbage collection in this municipality was a big problem during the
early part of 1998. Now the road is already concreted and (2) more garbage
trucks are to be procured in addition to the existing 5 units and the
15 barangay trucks.
There is no particularly specifies container for waste discharge, so
wastes are contained in different kinds of plastic bags, rice sacks,
bamboo baskets paper and drums.
Of the total amount of waste discharged, around 85% is collected and
disposed off at the dumpsite. The rest are burned or illegally dumped
on nearby spaces or dumped into rivers or creeks, segregation is not
practiced and its rules and regulations.
The daily average volume of garbage collected is 500 cu. m. this is
literally reduced due to the presence of scavengers at the site and
of the loaders (pickers) of junkshop. A small percentage is composted
at the facility located at Barangay Libis.
Street sweepers maintain the cleanliness within the poblacion and public
market area.
Before, our dumpsite was on open pit. Presently, it is a controlled
dump facility. The DENR has granted a Notice to Proceed to the
Municipality’s Proposed Controlled Dump Facility in line with
the objectives of R.A. 9003, otherwise known as “ Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000 “. Perimeter fence was constructed
around the site and sufficient equipment are being used in leveling
the garbage and backfilling it by 150 mm thick of filling materials
and spraying the garbage with chemicals to eliminate insects and foul
odor.
Existing Land Use
In the 1980’s , the Municipality of Binangonan was generally
an agricultural town with around 2,232.4 hectares or 30.70 percent of
its total land area devoted to agriculture. On the other hand, a significant
area of 3,910.4 hectares or 53.79 percent of the total municipal land
area were grasslands or idle lands. Other land uses in the same period
were forestlands with 273 hectares or 3.76 percent, and built-up with
854.2 hectares or 11.75 percent, respectively.
The physical development mode of the municipality can be described as
linear. People tend to concentrate along areas where roads and water
transportations are available. Thus, built-up areas are scattered along
the major roads and the coastline of Laguna de Bay.
In the 1990’s, the town experienced rapid urbanization brought
by increased commercial and industrial activities both within and the
surrounding areas of the municipality. As a result of this condition,
demand for more spaces was altogether felt. The most visible impact
of urbanization was the conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses
such as residential, commercial and industrial.
The area of agricultural lands was reduced to about 1,460.5 hectares.
This figure represents a 65.42 percent reduction of agricultural lands
from the 1980’s to the 1990’s.
Cemeteries are concentrated in southern portion of the mainland. These
are the privately-owned Catholic Cemetery in Layunan and Santo Rosario
Memorial Park in Gupiing, Lunsad, and the old municipal cemetery in
Batingan which was bulldozed to give way to a new plan for development.
On the other hand, the island barangays have three cemeteries located
in Kaytome, Malacaban, and Habagatan-Talim.Only one cemetery on the
northern part of the mainland specifically at Barangay Bilibiran was
constructed last 2005 and now operational, the East Garden Memorial
Park,.
On the other hand, urban land uses are distributed for residential,
commercial, institutional and industrial purposes. Though, it can be
noted, that there is a mix of uses that are incompatible such as residential
and industrial establishment. Example of these are the Rizal Cement
Company, Inc. in Calumpang, Grandspan Corporation in Tagpos, and Ford
Truck Philippines in Batingan. Commercial establishments are largely
concentrated within the center of the town and caters to the needs of
the local population. Other built-up areas of the municipality which
are distributed municipal wide also have commercial activities interspered
with residential uses.
The dominant commercial establishments in the municipality includes
retail stores and groceries, from input stores, business and personal
services.
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